DYNAMICS OF THE STRUCTURE OF CLINICAL FORMS OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS IN THE REGION WITH A HIGH PREVALENCE OF HIV INFECTION
DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2025-22-2-203-217
I.A. Chernyaev, A.I. Tsvetkov, N.V. Nozhkina, Yu.P.Chugaev
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
«Ural State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Abstract. Despite the slowdown in the rate of spread, HIV infection has an impact on the epidemic situation of tuberculosis. The Sverdlovsk region is among the regions with the highest prevalence of HIV infection. The purpose of the study — to assess the dynamics of the structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed patients in the Sverdlovsk region. Material and methods. The forms of state statistical reporting were the sources of information for the study. The analysis of the structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed patients in dynamics in the period 2013-2023 is carried out. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the proportion of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients in combination with HIV-infection and the proportion of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients with a certain clinical form of the disease, and the coefficient was considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results. In 2023 the incidence of tuberculosis decreased by 52.2% compared to 2013. On the background of a change in the proportion of HIV+TB patients, there were changes found in the structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis among those newly diagnosed as a whole. A direct, high-strength statistically significant correlation has been established between the dynamics of the proportion of HIV+TB patients and the dynamics of the proportion of tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes (r=0.86; p<0.05), disseminated tuberculosis (r=0.76; p<0.05), negative correlation between the proportion of HIV+TB patients and focal TB (r= -0.39; p<0.05), infiltrative tuberculosis (r= -0.91; p<0.05), cirrhotic tuberculosis (r= -0.72; p<0.05) and tuberculous pleurisy (r= -0.78; p<0.05). Conclusion. An increase in the proportion of tuberculosis patients in combination with HIV infection has a significant impact on the structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis in the form of an increase in the proportion of clinical forms of the disease characteristic of the late stages of HIV infection with a simultaneous decrease in the proportion and ranking positions of the clinical forms fit to patients without severe immunodeficiency.
Keywords: tuberculosis, HIV-infection, clinical forms of tuberculosis, structural dynamics analysis, tuberculosis incidence
There is no conflict of interest
Contact details of corresponding author:
Igor A. Chernyaev
obltuborg@yandex.ru
Received 10.04.2025
For citation:
Chernyaev I.A., Tsvetkov A.I., Nozhkina N.V., Chugaev Yu.P. Dynamics of the structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed patients in a region with a high prevalence of HIV infection. [Online] Vestn. Ural. Med. Akad. Nauki. = Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2025, Vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 203–217. DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2025-22-2-203-217 (In Russ)
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Authors
Igor A. Cherniaev
Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health and Health Care
obltuborg@yandex.ru
ORCID: 0000-0002-2439-7087
SPIN: 3988-9353
Scopus author ID 55258618000
Andrey I. Tsvetkov
Head of the Department of Public Health and Health Care, Doctor of Sciences (Medicine)
cp-gendir@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8751-6872.
SPIN: 3988-9353
Natalia V. Nozhkina
Professor of the Department of Public Health and Health Care, Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), professor
nojkina@yandex.ru
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8579-7618
SPIN:7405-6446
AuthorID: 553422
Yuri P. Chugaev
Professor of the Department of Infection Diseases, phthiziology and pulmonology, Doctor of Sciences (Medicine), professor
doctorchygaev@mail.ru
ORCID 0000-0003-0030-674X
SPIN: 7325-4293
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ural State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation