FORMATION OF NEW APPROACHES TO IMMUNOCORRECTION OF IDENTIFIED IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDERS IN POST-COVID PATIENTS

M.A. Dobrynina^1,2,5, A.V. Zurochka^1,3, V.A. Zurochka^1,3,
L.V. Ryabova⁴, A.P. Sarapultsev^1,3, E. A. Praskurnichiy²

¹ Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation.
² State Research Center of the Russian Federation — Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
³ South Ural State University (National Research University), Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.
⁴ South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.
⁵ Federal Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections «VIROM» Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Consumption, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Abstract. The SARS-Cov2 virus is capable of forming various immune system disorders in post-Covid patients. Moreover, these disorders can persist for more than 6-12 months after the acute phase of the disease, forming post-Covid disorders of the immune system. Therefore, the search for approaches to immunocorrection of identified disorders of the immune system is one of the serious problems of modern clinical immunology.
The purpose of the study was to study the effect of glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) on the state of the immune system of patients with “post-Covid syndrome” of immunopathology.
A total of 24 patients who had previously contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the study. Flow cytometry was used to analyze various immune cell populations, including panleukocyte markers for gated lymphocytes (CD45⁺ and CD46⁺), T-lymphocytes (CD3⁺), helper inducers (CD3⁺, CD4⁺), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD3⁺, CD8⁺), TNK cells (CD3⁺, CD56⁺), natural killer cells (CD3ˉ, CD56⁺), B-lymphocytes (CD3ˉ, CD19⁺), activated helper cells (CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD25⁺), and activated T-lymphocytes (CD3⁺, HLA-DR). Additionally, IgA, IgM, IgG antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2, phagocytosis and HCT activity of neutrophils, and complement fragments C1q, C3a, and C5a were assessed.
These studies showed that the use of GMDP (Licopid) significantly affects the functional bactericidal activity of neutrophils, reducing their spontaneous NBT activity and the activity of the C5a fragment of complement. At the same time, the percentage of B plasma cells increases, mainly due to B2 lymphocytes, and there is also an increase in specific IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The fact of its influence on the erythroid and platelet germs of hematopoiesis is also very important, as this helps improve the oxygenation of organs and tissues and reduces the risk of developing platelet complications. The lack of influence on the T- and NK-links of the immune system indicates complex regulatory mechanisms in post-Covid patients and the importance of searching for new approaches to correcting these disorders. All this requires a search for additional immunomodulators that also affect T and NK cells. The search for such drugs is one of the key problems for this type of pathology.

Keywords: immune system, B cells, B lymphocytes, neutrophils, compliment, glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide, GMDP, SARS-CoV-2 infection, post-Covid patients

There is no conflict of interest.
Contact details of the corresponding author:
Maria A. Dobrynina
mzurochka@mail.ru
Received 25.08.2023
For citation:
Dobrynina M.A., Zurochka A.V., Zurochka V.A., Ryabova L.V., Sarapultsev A.P. Formation of new approaches to immunocorrection of identified immune system disorders in Post-COVID patients [Online] Vestn. Ural. Med. Akad. Nauki. = Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2023, Vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 122–130. DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2023-20-4-122-130 (In Russ)

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Authors
Maria A. Dobrynina
Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
PhD, MD, Researcher, laboratory ofimmunopathophysiology
mzurochka@mail.ru
Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Aleksandr V. Zurochka
Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Honored worker of science of the Russian Federation, D.Sc. MD, professor, leading researcher, laboratory of immunopathophysiology
av_zurochka@mail.ru
Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Vladimir A. Zurochka
Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
D.Sc. MD, senior researcher,laboratory ofimmunopathophysiology
v_zurochka@mail.ru
Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Liana V. Ryabova
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «South Ural State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
MD, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Life Safety, Disaster Medicine, Emergency Medicine
lianarabowa@rambler.ru
Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

Alexey P. Sarapultsev
Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
D.Sc. MD, leading researcher, head of laboratory of immunopathophysiology
a.sarapultsev@gmail.com
Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Evgeny A. Praskurnichiy
University of Innovation and Continuing Education of the State Research Center – Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency
MD, professor, Head of the Department of Therapy
praskurnichey@mail.ru
Moscow, Russian Federation