EPIDEMICS IN THE URALS OF 1918-1920
DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2018-15-3-488-495
G.N. Shaposhnikov, D.L. Ostrovkin
Abstract. The purpose of the publication is to describe the epidemic situation and identify the stages of spread of infectious diseases in the Urals during the civil war, to identify the causes and routes of spread of infectious diseases in the territories of the Ural provinces during «Russian turmoil». The study used the methods of historical flashbacks and ideography, that allow to describe the local outbreaks of infectious diseases, to characterize the mobilization measures of local authorities against large scale is highly contagious diseases. The study is based on the materials on two Central and four regional archives. The authors analyze the mobilization measures of the authorities to combat infectious diseases, come to the conclusion, that these emergency measures were taken only when infectious diseases received a mass character and were «fire», preventive measures were given less attention due to lack of funds. In conclusion, there are three stages of the spread of infectious diseases in the Urals in 1915-1923.
Keywords: Ural, revolution, civil war, types, scales and development stages of the spread of infectious diseases, typhoid, cholera, malaria, dysentery
Received 12.09.2017
For citation:
Shaposhnikov G.N., Ostrovkin D.L. Epidemics in the Urals of 1918-1920. Vestn. Ural. Med. Akad. Nauki. = Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2018, Vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 488–495. DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2018-15-3-488-495 (In Russ)
REFERENCES
1. 70 let sovetskogo zdravoohraneniya. 1917–1987. Moskva: Medicina, 1987. p. 22. (in Russ)
2. Semashko N. A. Politika i sanitariya. Izvestiya Narkomata zdravoohraneniya. 1920. № 1–2. S. 11. (in Russ)
3. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Rossijskoj Federacii Fond. A-482. Opis. 4. Delo. 97. List. 11. (in Russ)
4. Morozova O. M. Tifoznaya vosh' v soldatskoj shineli: o vliyanii estestvenno-prirodnyh faktorov na hod i iskhod Grazhdanskoj vojny v Rossii. EHlektronnyj dostup://http://www.relga.ru/Environ/WebObjects/tgu-www.woa/wa/Main%3Ftextid%3D3424%26level1%3Dmain%26level2%3Darticles. Data obrashcheniya ot 26.06.2017.
5. Poznanskij V. S. EHpidemiya tifa vo vremya russkoj Grazhdanskoj vojny. EHlektronnyj dostup: http://s30116489994.mirtesen.ru/blog/43936484277/Epidemiya-tifa-vo-vremya-russkoy-Grazhdanskoy-voynyi Data obrashcheniya ot 26.06.2017.
6. Narskij I. V. ZHizn' v katastrofe: budni i naselenie Urala v 1917–1922 gg. Moskva: ROSPEHN, 2001. S. 128, 130, 135 – 136. (in Russ)
7. Semenchenko I. V. Sovershenstvovanie zemstvami medicinskogo obsluzhivaniya naseleniya na Urale v 1900–1918 gg. Vestnik YUzhno-ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Social'no-gumanitarnye nauki. Seriya Istoriya. 2006, № 17 (72). S. 102. (in Russ)
8. Agalakov A. EHpidemiya tifa vo vremya russkoj Grazhdanskoj vojny. EHlektronnyj dostup: http://s30116489994.mirtesen.ru/blog/43936484277/Epidemiya-tifa-vo-vremya-russkoy-Grazhdanskoy-voynyi Data obrashcheniya ot 26.06.2017.
9. Sokolov D. K., Alekseev R. S., Eremin G. F. Stanovlenie ohrany zdorov'ya na YUzhnom Urale. CHelyabinsk: YUzhno-ural'skoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1970. S. 21. (in Russ)
10. Kulagina A. A. Stanovlenie zdravoohraneniya v Bashkirii 1917–1941 gg. Kratkij istoricheskij ocherk. Ufa, 1990. S. 12. (in Russ)
11. Selezneva V. T. Ocherki istorii mediciny Permskoj gubernii. Perm': Permskaya gosudarstvennaya medicinskaya akademiya, 1997. S. 86. (in Russ)
12. Ob»edinennyj gosudarstvennyj arhiv Chelyabinskoj oblasti. Fond R-1542. Opis 1. Delo 70. List 345. (in Russ)
13. Ob»edinennyj gosudarstvennyj arhiv Chelyabinskoj oblasti. Fond R-225. Opis 1. Delo 38. List 16–17. (in Russ)
14. Ob»edinennyj gosudarstvennyj arhiv Chelyabinskoj oblasti. Fond R-1542. Opis 1. Delo 117. List 10. (in Russ)
15. Ural'skij rabochij. 1920. 1 avgusta. (in Russ)
16. Permskij gosudarstvennyj arhiv social'no-politicheskoj istorii. Fond 557. Opis 2. Delo 56. List 17. (in Russ)
17. Ob»edinennyj gosudarstvennyj arhiv Chelyabinskoj oblasti. Fond R-1542. Opis 1. Delo 70. List 257. (in Russ)
18. Ob»edinennyj gosudarstvennyj arhiv Chelyabinskoj oblasti. Fond R-255. Opis 1. Dtlo 2. List 20. (in Russ)
19. Sokolov B. V., Bal'chugov A. D., Sazhina M. G. Stanovlenie gosudarstvennoj sistemy zdravoohraneniya na Urale. Ekaterinburg, 2009. S. 17. (in Russ)
20. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Sverdlovskoj oblasti. Fond R-47. Opis 1. Delo 13. List 41. (in Russ)
21. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Rossijskoj Federacii. Fond. A-482. Opis 2. Delo 40. List 65. (in Russ)
22. Ural'skij rabochij. 1920. 16 iyunya. (in Russ)
23. Mal'ceva O. A. Istoriya zdravoohraneniya Komi Permyackogo okruga. Kudymkor: Permskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo, 1995. S.45. (in Russ)
24. Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj arhiv social'no-politicheskoj istorii. Fond 18. Opis 3. Delo 245. List 1. (in Russ)
25. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Permskogo kraya. Fond r-15. Opis 1. Delo 8. List 32. (in Russ)
26. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Permskogo kraya. Fond r-15. Opis 1. Delo 137. List 39. (in Russ)
27. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Permskogo kraya. Fond r-15. Opis1. Delo 257. List 13. (in Russ)
28. Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Sverdlovskoj oblasti. Fond R-627. Opis 1. Delo 1. List 144. (in Russ)
29. Ural'skoe hozyajstvo v cifrah. 1926. Kratkij statisticheskij spravochnik. Sverdlovsk, 1925. S. 76–77. (in Russ)
Authors
Gennadi N. Shaposhnikov
Ural State Medical University
Dr. Sci. (History), Head of the Department of History, Economics and Law
history@usma.ru
Russian Federation 620028, Yekaterinburg, Repin street 3
Denis L. Ostrovkin
Ural State Pedagogical University
Assistant Professor of Russian history
Russian Federation 620017, Yekaterinburg, Cosmonauts Ave., 26
Ostrovkin.denis@yandex.ru