CELLULAR AND BIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMAS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND PATHOGENESIS OF THE DISEASE
DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2026-23-1-64-70
A.V. Karamanyan¹,³, S.V. Boychuk¹, F.Sh. Akhmetzyanov¹,², R.R. Gazizov²
¹ Kazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation,
Kazan, Russian Federation
² Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Kazan, Russian Federation
³ «Medical and Sanitary Unit of KFU», Polyclinic, Kazan Russian Federation
Abstract. Introduction. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with increasing incidence. Modern diagnostics requires a comprehensive assessment of morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics. Despite the success of therapy, there are still unresolved issues related to the heterogeneity of tumors, the timing of the initiation of treatment and the tactics of patient management, taking into account prognostic markers [1,2]. Objective. To study the cellular and biological characteristics of NHL and to assess their role in verifying the diagnosis and assessing the aggressiveness of the tumor process. Materials and methods. An analysis of 94 cases with suspected NHL was carried out. Cytological (with Romanovsky-Giemsa staining), immunocytochemical (ICC) and histological (with IHC) methods were used. The expression of B and T cell markers was assessed: CD20+, CD79a+ for B cells; CD3+, CD5+ for T-cell lymphomas, proliferation markers (Ki-67), oncoproteins (BCL2) and epithelial markers (BerEP4, EMA, PAX8). Statistical processing was performed using the Kaplan-Mayer methods, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria, the differences were considered significant at p≤0.05. Results. Cytological examination showed a sensitivity of 91.5%, and immunocytochemical — 98.9% in NHL verification. It has been confirmed that the key diagnostic criteria are CD45+ expression in combination with linear-specific markers (CD20+, CD79a+ for B-cells; CD3+, CD5+ for T-cell lymphomas) in the absence of expression of BerEp4, EMA (except for anaplastic large cell lymphoma). A high Ki-67 proliferation index (>60% for aggressive B-cell lymphomas and >15% for T-cell lymphomas) combined with BCL2 expression is associated with an aggressive course. It was found that delaying the start of therapy by 1 month reduces survival from 76.1% to 68.6%, and by 6 months to 37.5%. Conclusion. The developed integrated approach, which combines an in-depth analysis of cellular and biological characteristics (including Ki-67 and BCL2), early initiation of therapy (including on the basis of ICC), makes it possible to optimize the management of patients with NHL, improve the prognosis and quality of their life.
Keywords: non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, immunophenotyping, immunocytochemistry, markers, survival
There is no conflict of interest.
Contact information of the author responsible for correspondence:
Karamanyan Angelina Vartanovna
angelina.karamanyan@kazangmu.ru
Received 19.03.2026
For citation: Karamanyan A.V., Boychuk S.V., Akhmetzyanov F.Sh., Gazizov R.R. Cellular and biological profile of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of the disease [Online] Vestn. Ural. Med. Akad. Nauki. = Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2026, Vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 64–70. DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2026-23-1-64-70 (In Russ)
REFERENCES
1. Kassirsky I. A. Clinical hematology. I. A. Kassirsky, G. A. Alekseev. – Moscow: Medgiz, 1955. – 720 p.
2. Polyatskin I. L. WHO Revised Classification of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue Tumors, 2017 (4th Edition): Lymphoid Tissue Tumors/ I. L. Polyatskin, A. S. Artemyeva, Yu. Krivolapov. Archive of pathology. – 2019. – Vol. 81, No. 3. – pp. 59-65.
3. Kaprin, A. D. The state of oncological care for the population of Russia in 2021 / A. D. Kaprin, V. V. Starinsky, A. O. Shakhzadova; ed. by A. D. Kaprin. – Moscow: P. A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, 2022. – 239 p.
4. Demurtas A. et al. Tissue flow cytometry immunophenotyping in the diagnosis and classification of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas: A retrospective evaluation of 1,792 cases. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry. – 2013. – Vol. 84. – No. 2. – pp. 82-95
5. Lesesve J. F. et al. Réalisation, lecture et interprétation morphologique des adénogrammes et empreintes ganglionnaires: Enquête et propositions du Groupe Francophone d’Hématologie Cellulaire (GFHC). Revue de biologie médicale. – 2020. – Vol. 357. – No. 6. – pp. 19-28.
6. Maloum K. Cytoponction ganglionnaire. Technique, analyse des frottis, valeur diagnostique/ K. Maloum, C. Settegrana. EMC-Hématologie. – 2016. – Vol. 11. – No. 3. – pp. 1-12.
7. Lesesve J. F. et al. Lecture d’une cytologie ganglionnaire: proposition d’une procédure type. Revue de biologie médicale. – 2020. – Vol. 357. – No. 6. – pp. 45-60.
8. Aussedat G. et al. Lymphoma diagnosis: lessons learned from the comparison of histology and cytology associated with flow cytometry. Annales de Biologie Clinique. – JLE Éditions, 2022. – Vol. 80. – No. 2. – pp. 157-168.
9. Wang H. Y. Diagnostic algorithm of common mature B-cell lymphomas by immunohistochemistry. H. Y. Wang, Y. Zu. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. – 2017. – Vol. 141. – No. 9. – pp. 1236-1246.
Authors
Angelina V. Karamanyan
Assistant of the Department of Oncology, Radiation Diagnostics and Radiation Therapy, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Medical Unit of KFU, Polyclinic, Kazan, Russian Federation
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7168-337X
eLibrary SPIN: 4256-7924
email: angelina.karamanyan@kazangmu.ru
Sergey V. Boychuk
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of General Pathology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation
ORCID: 0000-0003-2415-1084;
eLibrary SPIN: 8058-6246;
e-mail: boichuksergei@mail.ru
Foat Sh. Akhmetzyanov
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of Oncology, Radiation Diagnostics and Radiation Therapy, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russian Federation
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-1997;
eLibrary SPIN: 8908-4761;
e-mail: foat.akhmetzyanov@mail.ru
Rail R. Gazizov
Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary named after M.Z. Seagal, Kazan, Russian Federation
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3559-4809
eLibrary SPIN: 4936-8711
e-mail: gazr@mail.ru