Oxidative Stress and its Role in Pathogenesis

DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2017-14-4-381-398

M.Ya. Khodos, Ya.E. Kazakov, M.B. Vidrevich, Kh.Z. Brainina

Ural State University of Economics, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation;
Joint-stock company “Medical Technologies”, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Abstract. Phenomenon of oxidative stress is based on oxidation-reduction reactions (ORR) occurring in the cells of the body both under normal conditions and during the realization of typical general pathological processes.Currently, the OS is considered as an important pathogenetic link in the development of more than 200 diseases, which is due to the universality and key role of ORR in the human body. To understand the contribution of the OS to the emergence and development of numerous diseases, knowledge of its nature, components and factors affecting development is very important.Unified concept of «Oxidative stress» i formulated in the proposed review. Mechanisms of action of the active oxygen and nitrogen forms, antioxidant defense systems and their dual role in the body are considered. It is shown that OS is determined not simply by the sum of the activity of its individual components, but by dynamically changing interaction between the components of the biological matrix.Information on the following is provided:– active forms of oxygen and nitrogen, mechanisms of their action, as well as important biological role that these compounds play under normal conditions; – their destructive effect on cellular structures, free radical oxidation of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids because of excessive formation and accumulation;– об основных составляющих системы антиоксидантной защиты организма;– main components of the organism antioxidant defense system;– role of OS in pathogenesis of a number of diseases.Conclusion is made that monitoring of oxidant / antioxidant state of biological objects, development of clinically accessible methods of its realization is an essential aspect of the research in the field of biochemistry, physiology and study of pathogenetic mechanisms of human diseases.

Keywords: active forms of oxygen and nitrogen, oxidants, antioxidants< antioxidant organism protection system, oxidative stress

Received 15.08.2017

For citation:
Khodos M.Ya., Kazakov Ya.E., Vidrevich M.B., Brainina Kh.Z. Oxidative stress and its role in pathogenesis. Vestn. Ural. Med. Akad. Nauki. Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2017, Vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 381–398. DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2017-14-4-381-398 (In Russ)

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Authors
Mark Ya. Khodos
Ural State University of Economics
Doctor of Sci. (Chemistry), Senior Researcher, Director of the Research and Innovation Center for Sensory Technologies.
62, 8th of March Str., 620219, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
hdm@usue.ru

Yan E. Kazakov
Joint Stock Co «Medical technologies»
Cand.Sci. (Med.), Physician.
83, Kuznetchnaya Str., 620075, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
yankaz@yandex.ru

Marina B. Vidrevich
Ural State University of Economics
Cand. Sci. (Chemical), Associate professor
62, 8th of March Str., 620219, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
mbv@usue.ru

Khiena Z. Brainina
Ural State University of Economics
Doc.Sci. (Chemistry), Professor, Research Supervisor of the Research and Innovation Center for Sensory Technologies
62, 8th of March Str., 620219, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
baz@usue.ru