FEATURES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS IN ABDOMINAL OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH FACTORS OF CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK, VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE DYSFUNCTION AND ADIPOKINES
V.A. Sumerkina¹, L.F. Telesheva¹, E.S. Golovneva¹,²
DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2022-19-3-173-183
¹ South-Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation;
² Multidisciplinary Center of Laser medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of this work was to establish the features of the immune system cells in abdominal obesity (AO) and metabolic syndrome (MS) and to determine the associations between the studied parameters and MS components, insulin resistance, and the level of adipokines. 244 patients of both sexes aged 18–45 years were included. The patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (comparison group) — healthy individuals without AO, excess body weight and additional MS components (n=71); group 2 (AO) — patients with isolated AO (n=32); group 3 (AO+1) — patients with AO and 1 component of MS (n=63); group 4 (MS) — patients with MS (n=78). The laboratory investigation included determination of parameters of carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, adipokines. The calculation of insulin resistance indices and the index of dysfunction of visceral adipose tissue were performed. The parameters of cell immunity were studied (the number of leukocytes and leukocyte formula; the subpopulations of lymphocytes — CD3+45+, CD3+4+, CD3+8+, CD3+56+, CD3-56+, CD3-19+, CD3+25+ and CD3+HLADR+ ). The results of this work demonstrate inflammatory changes in the leukocyte formula, as well as the appearance of activated lymphocytes in peripheral blood in patients of groups 2–4. Correlation analysis results suggest that the mechanism of formation of changes in cell adaptive immunity in AO and MS is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusions. 1. Changes in the leukocytes composition in peripheral blood in patients with AO and MS are an increase in the number of neutrophils, monocytes and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. In the groups AO+1 and MS these changes are accompanied by an increase in the number of leukocytes. 2. The subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the groups AO and AO+1 are characterized by an increase in the level of CD3+HLADR+. In patients with MS — in combination with an increase in the level of CD3+25+ and B-lymphocytes. 3. The appearance of activated lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in the groups AO and MS is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (excess adipose tissue, dyslipidemia, hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance).
Keywords: сell immunity, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, adipokines, cardiometabolic risk factors
There is no conflict of interest.
Contact details of the corresponding author:
Veronika A. Sumerkina
veronika.sumerkina@mail.ru
Received 01.06.2022
For citation:
Sumerkina V.A., Telesheva L.F., Golovneva E.S. Features of the immune system cells in abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome and their associations with factors of cardiometabolic risk, visceral adipose tissue dysfunction and adipokines. Vestn. Ural. Med. Akad. Nauki. = Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2022, Vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 173–183. DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2022-19-3-173-183 (In Russ)
REFERENCES
1. Formanowicz D., Rybarczyk A., Radom M. et al. A role of inflammation and immunity in essential hypertension—modeled and analyzed using Petri nets. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, Vol. 21: 3348. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093348.
2. Janowska J., Chudek J., Olszanecka–Glinianowicz M. et al. Interdependencies among selected pro-inflammatory markers of endothelial dysfunction, C-peptide, anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 and glucose metabolism disturbance in obese women. Int. J. Med. Sci. 2016, Vol. 13 (7), pp. 490-499. DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14110
3. Zhuang Y., Zhang J., Li Y. et al. B lymphocytes are predictors of insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders — Drug Targets. 2019, Vol. 19 (3), pp. 358-366. DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190101130300.
4. Fu S., Yao Y., Lv F. et al. Associations of immunological factors with metabolic syndrome and its characteristic elements in Chinese centenarians. J. Transl. Med. 2018, Vol. 16: 315. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1691-4.
5. Zhou P., Meng Z., Liu M. et al. The associations between leukocyte, erythrocyte or platelet, and metabolic syndrome in different genders of Chinese. Medicine. 2016, Vol. 95 (44): 5189. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005189.
6. Bonamichi B.D.S.F., Lee J. Unusual suspects in the development of obesity induced inflammation and insulin resistance: NK cells, iNKT cells, and ILCs. Diabetes Metab. J. 2017, Vol. 41, pp. 229-250. DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2017.41.4.229.
7. Uslu A.U., Sekin Y., Tarhan G. et al. Evaluation of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in the presence and severity of metabolic syndrome. Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. 2018, Vol. 24 (5), pp. 828-833. DOI: 10.1177/1076029617741362.
8. Bahadir A., Baltaci D., Türker Y. et al. Is the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio indicative of inflammatory state in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome? Anatol. J. Cardiol. 2015. Vol. 15, pp. 816-822. DOI: 10.5152/akd.2014.5787.
9. Yang H., Fu Y.-Q., Yang B. et al. Positive association between the metabolic syndrome and white blood cell counts in Chinese. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2017. Vol. 26 (1), pp. 141-147. DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.102015.13.
10. Shin G., Jang K., Kim M. et al. Inflammatory markers and plasma fatty acids in predicting WBC level alterations in association with glucose-related markers: a cross-sectional study. Front. Immunol. 2020. Vol. 11: 629. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00629.
11. Liu Y.-Y., Luo J., Cai R. et al. Macrophage depletion improves endothelial insulin resistance and protects against cardiovascular injury in salt-sensitive hypertension. BioMed Research International. Vol. 2020: 5073762. DOI: 10.1155/2020/5073762.
12. Friedrich K., Sommer M., Strobel S. et al. Perturbation of the monocyte compartment in human obesity. Front. Immunol. 2019. Vol. 10: 1874. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01874.
13. Siedlinski M., Jozefczuk E., Xu X. et al. White blood cells and blood pressure a Mendelian randomization study. Circulation. 2020. Vol. 141 (16), pp. 1307–1317. DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045102.
14. Delaney J.A.C., Olson N.C., Sitlani C.M. et al. Natural killer cells, gamma delta T cells and classical monocytes are associated with systolic blood pressure in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 2021. Vol. 21: 45. DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01857-2.
15. Troshina I.A., Gagina T.A., Petrov I.M., Medvedeva I.V. Metabolic syndrome as a manifestation of the relationship of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija Biologija, klinicheskaja medicina = Bulletin of Novosibirsk State University. Series Biology, Clinical Medicine, 2006, Vol. 4(3), pp. 92-101 (in Russ)
16. Gusova Z.R., Dzantieva E.O., Khripun I.A. Immunological aspects of obesity. Al’manah klinicheskoj mediciny = Almanach of Clinical Medicine, 2015, Suppl. 1, pp. 30-35 (in Russ)
Authors
Veronika A. Sumerkina
South-Ural State Medical University
PhD, Leading Researcher of Central Scientific Research Laboratory
64, Vorovskogo st., Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, 454092
veronika.sumerkina@mail.ru
Larisa F. Telesheva
South-Ural State Medical University
MD, Professor, Professor of Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology
64, Vorovskogo st., Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, 454092
Elena S. Golovneva
South-Ural State Medical University
MD, Professor, Professor Department of Normal Physiology named after academician Yu.M. Zakharov
Multidisciplinary Center of Laser medicine, Chelyabinsk
64, Vorovskogo st., Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, 454092
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)