FEATURES OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION 2019 (COVID-19) AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN NON-IMMUNIZED PERSONS

DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2024-21-4-479-487

O.V. Berdiugina

Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Abstract. A comprehensive assessment of the clinical variants of the course of COVID-19, the genetic diversity of the pathogen strains, as well as the need and results of the use of vaccines is currently important. The aim of the study was to study some features of the prevention, course and consequences of mild and moderate COVID-19 in non-immunized individuals. Materials and methods. The clinical and laboratory data of 59 employees of the children’s multidisciplinary hospital were studied. The concentration of antibodies was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the reagents SARS-CoV-2-IgG and SARS-CoV-2-IgM (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk). The premorbid status of patients (presence of diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, immune systems, existing dependencies), the nature of the course of COVID-19 (syndromes, therapy), postmorbid changes were evaluated. The results of the study. It was found that the use of interferon alpha-2b in order to prevent infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus reduced the number of cases of anosmia/dysgeusia during the disease, led to a decrease in the volume of lung tissue damage, the duration of hospitalization, as well as early convalescence. The use of riamilovir for the same purposes led to an increased risk of developing fever, shortness of breath, pneumonia, pulmonary insufficiency, increased lung tissue damage during the disease, increased neurological disorders, including anosmia/dysgeusia and other severe consequences. The use of cholecalciferol for the prevention of infection led to prolonged fatigue after illness, exacerbation of chronic and the appearance of new diseases. A mild course of infection in the absence of vaccination is a gender–dependent and age-associated sign. Arthralgias that occurred after COVID-19 are associated with the use of umifenovir for preventive purposes, and vitaglutam for therapeutic purposes, as well as with a moderate course of the disease accompanied by pneumonia. The use of riamilovir exclusively for therapeutic purposes carried the risks of an increase in the number of cases of new diseases after COVID-19, in particular, a decrease in visual acuity. Postcovoid changes in non-immunized patients manifested themselves at least up to three months after the disease. Conclusion. The obtained data can be used for a comparative assessment of the features of prevention and the nature of the course of coronavirus infection when using vaccines.

Keywords: COVID-19, interferon, cholecalciferol, umifenovir, Triazaverin, arthralgia, anosmia, prevention, severity of course, post-COVID-19 syndrome

There is no conflict of interest.
Contact details of the corresponding author:
Olga V. Berdiugina
berolga73@rambler.ru
Received: 01.09.2024
For citation: Berdiugina O.V. Features of the new coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) and its consequences in non-immunized persons. [Online] Vestn. Ural. Med. Akad. Nauki. = Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2024, Vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 479–487. DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2024-21-4-479-487 (In Russ)

REFERENCES
1. Joseph O.O., Dahunsi S.O., Okoh A. SARS-CoV-2 infection of domestic animals and their role in evolution and emergence of variants of concern. New Microbes New Infect. 2024; 62:101468. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2024.101468.
2. Al-Emran H.M., Rahman F., Sarkar L., Das P.K., Mondol P., Yesmin S., Sultana P., Ahammed T., Parvez R., Hasan M.S., Sarkar S.L., Rahman M.S., Hossain A., Rahman M., Islam O.K., Islam M.T., Nigar S., Akter S., Rubayet U.l., Alam A.S.M., Rahman M.M., Jahid I.K., Hossain M.A. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Are Induced by Coinfections With Dengue. Bioinform Biol Insights. 2024; 18:11779322241272399. doi:10.1177/11779322241272399.
3. Emam M.H., Mahmoud M.I., El-Guendy N., Loutfy S.A. Establishment of in-house assay for screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein inhibitors. AMB Express. 2024; 14(1):104. doi:10.1186/s13568-024-01739-8.
4. Methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated October 26, 2023 Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Version 18. (In Russ). https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_347896/.
5. Methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated April 16, 2020 Drug therapy of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in outpatient practice during the COVID-19 epidemic. Version 2. (In Russ). https://minzdrav.gov.ru/ministry/med_covid19/.
6. Berdiugina O.V., Gusev E.Y. Some results of riamilovir (triazavirine) usage in medical staff for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 [Nekotorye rezul’taty primenenija riamilovira (triazavirina) medrabotnikami dlja profilaktiki i lechenija COVID-19]. Russian Journal of Immunology=Rossiyskiy immunologicheskiy zhurnal. 2023; 26(3):223-232. (In Russ). doi:10.46235/1028-7221-9410-SRO.
7. Humkamp K., Costa A.S., Reetz K., Walders J. Post-COVID-19-Zustand – klinische Phänotypisierung in der Praxis [Post-COVID-19 condition-Clinical phenotyping in practice]. Nervenarzt. 2024. (In Germ). doi:10.1007/s00115-024-01753-y.
8. Johnson L., De Gascun C.F., Hassan J. Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Binding Capability to Variants of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Viral Immunol. 2024; doi:10.1089/vim.2024.0064.

Auhtor

Olga V. Berdiugina
Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IIP UB RAS)
D.Sc.(Biology), PhD (Biology), Leading researcher at the Laboratory of Immunology of Inflammation
Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
berolga73@rambler.ru