HPV-ASSOCIATED CERVICAL AND VULVAR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2023-20-4-167-175
M.I. Pakharukova1,2, B.G. Yushkov1, E.A. Kuznetsova2
1Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
2Clinical and Diagnostic Center of Yekaterinburg, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of this work was to study the frequency of HPV detection, dominant types, viral load and the frequency of polyinfection in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with cervical carcinoma and groups of healthy patients. Materials and methods. Materials of 74 patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva were retrospectively studied. Expression of p16 and p53 was determined by an immunohistochemical method. The group of patients with cervical carcinoma consisted of 32 patients. Groups of healthy patients without gynecological pathology were 59 (material from the cervix) and 55 people (material from the vulva). HPV typing was performed by real-time PCR. Results. The widest range of HPV genotypes was found in patients with cervical carcinoma. The predominant genotype in HPV-associated vulvar carcinoma is genotype 16 (90.5%). The leading genotypes in the group of patients with cervical carcinoma were 16 (56.2%), 18 (18.8%), 45 (12.5%) and 31 (9.4%). Viral load values were higher in carcinoma groups than in healthy patients.
Keywords: vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, human papillomavirus
There is no conflict of interest.
Contact details of the corresponding author:
Maria I. Pakharukova
Pakharukovami@gmail.com.
Received 27.07.2023
For citation:
Pakharukova M.I., Yushkov B.G., Kuznetsova E.A. HPV-associated cervical and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. Similarities and differences [Online] Vestn. Ural. Med. Akad. Nauki. = Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2023, Vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 167–175. DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2023-20-4-167-175 (In Russ)
REFERENCES
1. Zur Hausen H. Papillomaviruses and cancer: From basic studies to clinical application // Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2002; 2: 342–350. DOI: 10.1038/nrc798
2. Szymonowicz A.K., Chen J. Biological and clinical aspects of HPV-related cancers. Cancer Biol Med, 2020;17(4):864–878 DOI: 0.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0370
3. Berman T.A, Schiller J.T. Human papillomavirus in cervical cancer and oropharyngeal cancer: one cause, two diseases. Cancer, 2017;123(12):2219–2229. DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30588
4. Nelson C.W., Mirabello L. Human papillomavirus genomics: Understanding carcinogenicity. Tumour Virus Res, 2023;15:200258. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2023.200258.
5. Marth C., Landoni F., Mahner S., McCormack M., Gonzalez-Martin A., Colombo N. et al. Cervical cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol, 2017;28(4):72–83. DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx220
6. Bonde J. H., Sandri M-T., Gary D.S., Andrews J.C. Clinical utility of human papillomavirus genotyping in cervical cancer screening: a systematic review. Journal of lower genital tract disease. 2020;24(1):1-13. DOI: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000494
7. de Sanjosé S., Alemany L., Ordi J., Tous S., Alejo M., Bigby S.M. et al. Worldwide human papillomavirus genotype attribution in over 2000 cases of intraepithelial and invasive lesions of the vulva. European Journal of Cancer, 2013 (49): 3450-3461. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.033
8. Kortekaas K.E., Solleveld-Westerink N., Tessier-Cloutier B., Rutten T.A., Van Poelgeest M., Gilks C.B. et al. Performance of the Pattern Based Interpretation of p53 Immunohistochemistry as a Surrogate for TP53 Mutations in Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Histopathology, 2020 (1): 92–99. DOI: 10.1111/his.14109
9. Nicolás-Párraga S., Gandini C., Pimenoff V.N., Alemany L., de Sanjosé S., Xavier Bosch F. et al. HPV16 variants distribution in invasive cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, and anus. Cancer Med, 2016;5(10):2909-2919. DOI: 10.1002/cam4.870.
10. Zhao S., Zhao X., Hu S., Lu J., Duan X., Zhang X. et al. Distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotype prevalence and attribution to cervical precancerous lesions in rural North China. Chin J Cancer Res, 2019;31(4):663–672. DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.04.10.
11. Karuri A. R., Kashyap V.K., Yallapu M.M., Zafar N., Kedia S.K., Jaggi M. et al. Disparity in rates of HPV infection and cervical cancer in underserved US populations. Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition), 2017;9:254-269. DOI: 10.2741/s486
12. Boda D., Docea A.O., Calina D., Ilie M.A., Caruntu C., Zurac S. et al. Human papilloma virus: Apprehending the link with carcinogenesis and unveiling new research avenues (Review). Int J Oncol. 2018 ;52(3):637-655. DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4256.
13. de Sanjosé S., Bruni L., Alemany L. HPV in genital cancers (at the exception of cervical cancer) and anal cancers. Presse Med, 2014;43:e423-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.10.001.
14. Doorbar J., Quint W., Banks L., Bravo I.G., Stoler M., Broker T.R. et al. The biology and life-cycle of human papillomaviruses. Vaccine 30. 2012; 30: F55-F70. DOI: 0.1016/j.vaccine.2012.06.083
15. Araldi R.P., Sant’Ana T.A., Módolo D.G., de Melo T.C., Spadacci-Morena D.D., de Cassia Stocco R. et al. The human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer biology: An overview. Biomed Pharmacother, 2018;106:1537-1556. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.149.
16. Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Jemal A. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin, 2020;70: 7-30. DOI:10.3322/caac.21590
17. Female Genital Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours, 5th ed. International Agency for Research in Cancer: Lyon, France, 2020.
18. Yang E.J., Quick M.C., Hanamornroongruang S., Lai K., Doyle L.A., McKeon F.D. et al. Microanatomy of the cervical and anorectal squamocolumnar junctions: a proposed model for anatomical differences in HPV-related cancer risk. Mod Pathol, 2015;28(7):994-1000. DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.54.
19. Regauer S., Reich O. The origin of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) — induced cervical squamous cancer. Curr Opin Virol., 2021;51:111-118. DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.09.012.
20. de Sanjose S., Quint W.G., Alemany L., Geraets D.T., Klaustermeier J.E., Lloveras B. et al. Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study. Lancet Oncol., 2010;11(11):1048-56. DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70230-8.
21. Sand F. L., Munk С., Frederiksen K., Junge J., Iftner T., Dehlendorff C. et al. Risk of CIN3 or worse with persistence of 13 individual oncogenic HPV types. International journal of cancer, 2019;144(8):1975-1982. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31883
22. Preti M., Rotondo J. C., Holzinger D., Micheletti L., Gallio N., McKay-Chopin S. et al. Role of human papillomavirus infection in the etiology of vulvar cancer in Italian women. Infectious Agents and Cancer, 2020; 15:20. DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00286-8
23. Pils S., Gensthaler L., Alemany L., Horvat R., de Sanjose S., Joura E. A. HPV prevalence in vulvar cancer in Austria. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2017;129:805-809 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-017-12552
24. Faber M. T., Sand F. L., Albieri V. Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva. Int.J Cancer, 2017;141(6):1161-1169 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30821
25. So K.A., Hong J.H., Lee J.K. Human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution among 968 women in South Korea. J. Cancer Prev., 2016;21(2):104–109. DOI: 10.15430/JCP.2016.21.2.104
26. Bravo I. G., M. Félez-Sánchez. Papillomaviruses: viral evolution, cancer and evolutionary medicine. Evol. Med. Public Health, 2015 (1): 32–51. DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov003
27. de Sanjosé S., Brotons M., Pavón M.A. The natural history of human papillomavirus infection. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol., 2018;47:2-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.08.015.
Authors
Maria I. Pakharukova
Clinical and Diagnostic Center of Yekaterinburg
Biologist of the cytologycal laboratory
Pakharukovami@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-3463
Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Boris G. Yushkov
Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
MD, PhD, Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS. Head of
the Laboratory of Immunophysiology and Immunopharmacology
b.yushkov@iip.uran.ru
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-0099
Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Elena A. Kuznetsova
Clinical and Diagnostic Center of Yekaterinburg
Doctor of laboratory of molecular biological research methods
oom@kdc-lab.ru
Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation