INFLUENCE OF HYPOCALORIUM DIET AND PHYSICAL LOAD ON THE WHITE FAT TISSUE OF RATS
УДК: 613.65:613.24:612.397.2:591.826]-092.9:599.323.4
DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2019-16-3-342-350
I.Yu. Yakimovich, M.Yu. Kotlovsky, S.V. Gusakova, V.V. Ivanov, V.N. Vasilyev, A.A. Churin, N.A. Portnova, A.B. Prokopeva, L.Yu. Kotlovskaya, A.M. Dygai
Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation;
Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Тomsk, Russian Federation
Abstract. Objective: to study the effect of a low-calorie diet and aerobic exercise on white adipose tissue of rats.Materials and methods. The study was performed on white rats of Wistar males. The animals were fed standard food for rodents; in the second and third groups, caloric intake was reduced. Physical activity was carried out in the third group of animals in the form of swimming. We evaluated body weight, fatty, lean body mass, specific fatty tissue of rats, and biochemical parameters of blood serum.Results. Nutrition of reduced calorie content leads to a decrease in body weight of the animal due to lean mass. There was a change in the ratio of subcutaneous adipose tissue to visceral, which increased the percentage of subcutaneous fat depot. Aerobic physical activity against a background of reduced calorie nutrition leads to a decrease in weight and a proportional decrease in fat and lean body mass, the specific gravity of adipose tissue of the studied localizations, redistribution of adipose tissue towards the subcutaneous depot, and a decrease in visceral mainly due to retroperitoneal adipose tissue. A hypocaloric diet lowers serum free fatty acids, triglycerides and glucose. Aerobic exercise on the background of a low-calorie diet leads to an increase in the level of free fatty acids and triglycerides in the blood serum.Conclusion. Low calorie nutrition and aerobic exercise exert an influence on the morphometric parameters of white adipose tissue with redistribution of adipose tissue towards the subcutaneous fat depot. Physical activity on the background of reduced calorie nutrition proportionally affects the reduction of fatty and lean body mass of the animal.
Keywords: adipose tissue, aerobic exercise, hypocaloric diet
Received 19.08.2019
For citation: Yakimovich I.Yu., Kotlovsky M.Yu., Gusakova S.V., Ivanov V.V., Vasilyev V.N., Churin A.A., Portnova N.A., Prokopeva A.B., Kotlovskaya L.Yu., Dygai A.M. Influence of Hypocalorium Diet and Physical Load on the White Fat Tissue of Rats. Vestn. Ural. Med. Akad. Nauki. = Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2019, Vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 342-350. DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2019-16-3-342-350 (In Russ)
REFERENCES
1. Myadelets O. D., Myadelets V. O., Sobolevskaya I. S., Kichigina T. N. White and brown adipose tissue: interaction with skeletal muscle tissue [Belaya i buraya zhirovye tkani: vzaimodeystvie so skeletnoy myshechnoy tkan'yu] Bulletin of VSMU [Vestnik VGMU]. 2014, 13 (5), pp. 32-44. (In Russ)
2. Rosen Evan D., Spiegelman Bruce M. What We Talk About When We Talk About Fat. Cell. 2014. Vol. 156, pp. 20-44.
3. Chubrieva S.Yu., Glukhov N.V., Zaychik A.M. Adipose tissue as an endocrine regulator [Zhirovaya tkan' kak endokrinnyy regulyator] Vestn. St. Petersburg University [Vestn. Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta]. 2008, 11 (1), pp. 32-40. (In Russ)
4. Filatova G.A., Depuyi T.I. Grishina T.I. Obesity: controversial issues that define metabolic health [Ozhirenie: spornye voprosy, opredelyayushchie metabolicheskoe zdorov'e] Endocrinology: News, Opinions, Training [Endokrinologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie]. 2018, 7 (1), pp. 58–67. (In Russ)
5. Dedov I.I., Melnichenko G.A., Butrova S.A. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ [Zhirovaya tkan' kak endokrinnyy organ] Obesity and metabolism [Ozhirenie i metabolism]. 2006, 1, pp. 6-13. (In Russ)
6. Garg A. Clinical review#: Lipodystrophies: genetic and acquired body fat disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011. Vol. 96 (11): pp. 3313-25.
7. Goossens G.H. The metabolic phenotype in obesity: fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function. Obes Facts. 2017. – Vol.10 (3). pp. 207-15.
8. Borodkina D.A., Gruzdeva, O.V., Kvitkova, L.V., Barbarash O.L. Body fat distribution: the answer to the apparent paradox of obesity in cardiology? [Raspredelenie zhirovykh otlozheniy: razgadka kazhushchegosya paradoksa ozhireniya v kardiologii?] Obesity and metabolism [Ozhirenie i metabolizm]. 2017, 14 (2), pp. 3-8. (In Russ)
9. Bondareva E. A. Influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on the development of obesity [Vliyanie endogennykh i ekzogennykh faktorov na razvitie ozhireniya] Bulletin of Moscow University. Anthropology [Moskovskogo universiteta. Antropologiya].2016, 4 (XXIII), pp. 27–36 (In Russ)
10. Wilding J.P. Treatment strategies for obesity. Obes Rev. 2007. Vol. 1: pp. 137-44.
11. Avenell A., Brown T.J., Mcgee M.A., Campbell M.K., Grant A.M., Broom J., Jung RT. Smith What are the long-term benefits of weight reducing diets in adults? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2004. Vol. 17: pp. 317-335.
12. Colman Ricki J., Anderson Rozalyn M., Johnson Sterling C., Kastman E. K., Kosmatka T. M., Beasley K. J., Allison D. B., Cruzen C., Simmons H. A., Kemnitz J.W., Weindruch R. Caloric Restriction Delays Disease Onset and Mortality in Rhesus Monkeys. Science. 2009. Vol. 325 (5937): pp. 201-204.DOI: 10.1126/science.1173635
13. Zainal TA et al.. Caloric restriction of rhesus monkeys lowers oxidative damage in skeletal muscle. FASEB J. 2000. Vol. 14: pp.1825–1836.
14. Johnson JB., Laub DR., John S. The effect on health of alternate day calorie restriction: eating less and more than needed on alternate days prolongs life. Med Hypotheses. 2006. Vol.67 (2): pp. 209-11.
15. Anson R. M., Guo Z., Cabo R., Iyun T., Rios M., Hagepanos A., Ingram D. K., Lane M. A., Mattson M. P. Intermittent fasting dissociates beneficial effects of dietary restriction on glucose metabolism and neuronal resistance to injury from calorie intake. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003. Vol.100 (10): pp. 6216–6220. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1035720100
16. Urdampilleta A., González-Muniesa P., Portillo M.P., Martínez J.A. Usefulness of combining intermittent hypoxia and physical exercise in the treatment of obesity. J Physiol Biochem. 2012. Vol. 68 (2): pp. 289-304. doi: 10.1007/s13105-011-0115-1.
17. Kenney W.L., Wilmore J., Costill D. Physiology of Sport and Exercise. Published by Champaign, IL; Human Kinetics. 2011: 640
18. Araujo G.G., Araujo M.B., D'Angelo R.A. et al. Maximal lactate steady state in obese rats of both gender. Brasilian Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009. Vol. 15 (1). pp. 46–49.
19. Nikonorov A. A., Tinkov A. A., Zheleznov L. M., Ivanov V. V. Methodical approach to the study of obesity in the experiment [Metodicheskiy podkhod k izucheniyu ozhireniya v eksperimente] Orenburg: OAO «IPK» South Ural [Orenburg: OAO «IPK «Yuzhnyy Ural»]. 2013: 240. (In Russ)
20. Sulaieva ON, Belemets NI Sex differences in regulation of adipose tissue [Polovye osobennosti regulyatsii zhirovoy tkani] Clinical endocrinology and endocrine chemistry [Klіnіchna endokrinologіya ta endokrinna khіrurgіya]. 2017. Vol. 4 (60), pp. 11-19. (In Russ)
21. Titov V.N., AripovskiiA.V., Schekotov V.V., Schekotova A.P., Kukharchuk V.V. The oleic triglycerides of palm oil and palmitic triglycerides of creamy fat. the reaction of palmitoylation, potassium and magnesium palmitate, absorption of fatty acids by enterocytes and microbiota of large intestine [Oleinovye triglitseridy pal'movogo masla i pal'mitinovye triglitseridy slivochnogo zhira. Reaktsiya pal'mitirovaniya, pal'mitat kaliya, magniya, vsasyvanie enterotsitami zhirnykh kislot i mikrobiota tolstogo kishechnika] Clinical laboratory diagnosis [Klinicheskaya laboratornaya diagnostika]. 2016, 61(8), pp. 452-461. (In Russ)
22. Jeppesen J., Bente Kiens. Regulation and limitations to fatty acid oxidation during exercise. Physiol. 2012.Vol. 590(Pt 5): pp.1059-1068. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.225011.
Authors
Inessa Yu. Yakimovich
Siberian State Medical University
Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of department of Hygiene
Russian Federation, 634050, Tomsk, Moscow tract, 2
iness2501@yandex.ru
Svetlana V. Gusakova
Siberian State Medical University
Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Biophysics and Functional Diagnostics, Dean of the Faculty of Medical and Biological Sciences
Russian Federation, 634050, Tomsk, Moscow tract, 2
gusacova@yandex.ru
Mikhail Yu. Kotlovsky
Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine of Tomsk National Research Medical Center
Dr. Sci. (Med.), Research Fellow
Russian Federation, 634028, Tomsk, Lenin Prospect, 3
m.u.kotlovskiy11443@mail.ru
Vladimir V. Ivanov
Siberian State Medical University
Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with a course of clinical laboratory diagnostics
Russian Federation, 634050, Tomsk, Moscow tract, 2
ivanovvv1953@gmail.com
Vladimir N. Vasilyev
Siberian State Medical University
Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Professor of the Department of Physical Culture and Health
Russian Federation, 634050, Tomsk, Moscow tract, 2
vas11@yandex.ru
Aleksei A. Churin
Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine of Tomsk National Research Medical Center Dr. Sci. (Med.),
Deputy Director for Preclinical Research Standartization of the Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine of Tomsk National Research Medical Center,
Head of the Medical Toxicology Department
Russian Federation, 634028, Tomsk, Lenin Prospect, 3
churin_aa@pharmso.ru
Natalia A. Portnova
Siberian State Medical University
A fourth-year medical school student
Russian Federation, 634050, Tomsk, Moscow tract, 2
bloodrayn1@mail.ru
Alina. B. Prokopeva
Siberian State Medical University
A fourth-year medical school student
Russian Federation, 634050, Tomsk, Moscow tract, 2
prokopeva-1997@mail.ru
Larisa Yu. Kotlovskaya
Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine of Tomsk National Research Medical Center
Research assistant
Russian Federation, 634028, Tomsk, Lenin Prospect, 3
lars.ktl@gmail.com
Aleksandr M. Dygai
Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine of Tomsk National Research Medical Center Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci.(Med.), Professor, deputy Academician-Secretary-Head of the Biomedical Sciences Section of the Medical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
scientific director of Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine of Tomsk National Research Medical Center
Russian Federation, 634028, Tomsk, Lenin Prospect, 3
nii@pharmso.ru