INNATE AND AND ACQUIRED IMMUNITY IN WOMEN WITH GESTATIONAL AND/OR TYPE 2 DIABETES AND THEIR NEWBORN CHILDREN
DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2024-21-4-409-421
B.A. Bachmetyev
Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms Ural Branch Russian Аcademy of Sciences, Perm, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of the study was to study laboratory parameters reflecting the state of innate and acquired immunity in postpartum women with gestational and/or type 2 diabetes and their newborn children. Material and methods. The population composition of peripheral and umbilical cord blood and colostrum cells was analyzed, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, spontaneous and zymosan-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence were evaluated; the concentration of hormones (insulin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor-1, somatotropic hormone, cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, dehydroepiandesterone), immunoglobulins and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, TGF β1, TGF β2, G-CSF and GM-CSF). Results. Analysis of the composition of peripheral blood showed that, compared with women who gave birth naturally or underwent cesarean section, women in labor with diabetes had a reduced number of neutrophils. In any variant of the reaction of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of leukocytes in women with gestational diabetes, less cell activity was demonstrated than in women in labor in the control groups. The phenotypic composition of blood lymphocytes in gestational diabetes differed significantly from the control values: the relative number of CD19⁺ and CD4⁺ cells was reduced and the number of CD8⁺ cells was increased, which was accompanied by a twofold decrease in the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. In addition, significant correlations were found between the level of insulin in the blood and the number of CD19⁺ (r=0.93), the absolute number of CD8⁺ (r=0.89), phagocytic activity of neutrophils (r=-0.79) and monocytes (r=-0.78) and the time of development of the maximum spontaneous luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of leukocytes (r=-0.77). Along with a decrease in the number of neutrophils and the functional activity of cells in the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of leukocytes, the number of lymphocytes in newborns with gestational diabetes increased. In gestational diabetes, a subpopulation of NKТ cells could not be detected in such newborns. Conclusion. The results of this study indicate the danger of developing not only metabolic, but also immune disorders in a breastfed newborn with gestational diabetes.
Keywords: gestational diabetes, newborns, nursing mothers, breast milk, blood, immunophenotyping, cytokines, hormones
There is no conflict of interest.
Contact details of the corresponding author:
Boris A. Baсhmetyev
bachmetyev@mail.ru
Received: 01.09.2024
For citation: Bachmetyev B.A. Innate and and acquired immunity in women with gestational and/or type 2 diabetes and their newborn children. [Online] Vestn. Ural. Med. Akad. Nauki. = Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science. 2024, Vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 409–421. DOI: 10.22138/2500-0918-2024-21-4-409-421 (In Russ)
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Auhtor
Boris A. Baсhmetyev
Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms Ural Branch Russian Аcademy of Sciences (IEGM UB RAS)
PhD, associate professor, leading researcher (Laboratory of Immunoregulation)
Perm, Russian Federation
bachmetyev@mail.ru